Here’s a detailed Frangipani–Agarwood Agroforestry Model that combines high-value ornamental and resin-producing trees for sustainable income and ecological benefits.
1. Concept Overview
- Purpose: Integrate short-term ornamental income (Frangipani) with long-term high-value resin production (Agarwood, Aquilaria spp.).
- Benefits:
- Diversified income streams (short-term flowers, long-term agarwood resin).
- Improved biodiversity and soil health.
- Shade management and microclimate optimization.
- Potential carbon credit generation.
2. Plant Selection
| Layer | Species | Purpose | Growth Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canopy | Agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) | Resin production, long-term high-value crop | 5–10+ years for harvestable resin | Requires careful inoculation for resin formation |
| Sub-canopy / Ornamental | Frangipani (Plumeria spp.) | Flowers and ornamental plant sales | 1–2 years to flowering | Tolerates partial shade from young Agarwood trees |
| Optional Understory | Cover crops or short-lived ornamentals | Soil fertility, weed suppression | Seasonal | Nitrogen-fixing species recommended |
3. Site Selection
- Climate: Tropical/subtropical, 20–30°C
- Rainfall: 1,000–1,500 mm/year, well-distributed
- Soil: Well-draining loam, pH 6–7
- Sunlight: Full sun for Frangipani; partial shading acceptable under young Agarwood canopy
- Slope: Gentle slopes preferred for drainage
4. Planting Design & Spacing
- Agarwood Trees: 4–6 m apart
- Frangipani Plants: 2–3 m apart between Agarwood trees
- Row Orientation: North–South to maximize sunlight penetration
- Intercropping: Frangipani planted in alleys between Agarwood rows; maintain at least 1 m distance from Agarwood trunk for root space
Visual Layout Concept:
Agarwood Frangipani Agarwood Frangipani
| | | |
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Agarwood Frangipani Agarwood Frangipani
5. Propagation
Agarwood
- Seedlings or tissue culture plantlets
- Resin induction via inoculation (fungal or chemical methods) after 3–5 years
Frangipani
- Stem cuttings (3–6 nodes, 30–40 cm) or grafted varieties
- Root in sand/perlite mix with IBA rooting hormone
- Flowering in 1–2 years
6. Cultivation & Management
- Irrigation: Drip system preferred; maintain moisture during dry periods
- Fertilization:
- Organic compost and slow-release NPK
- Micronutrients for Frangipani: Mg, Fe, Zn
- Weed Control: Mulching, cover crops, manual weeding
- Pruning:
- Frangipani: shape and flower promotion annually
- Agarwood: remove lower branches for airflow and future harvesting
7. Pest & Disease Management
- Frangipani Pests: Aphids, mealybugs, spider mites – controlled via IPM and neem oil
- Agarwood Pests: Stem borers, leaf miners – monitor young trees
- Diseases: Root rot and rust; ensure good drainage and air circulation
8. Harvesting & Income Streams
| Crop | Time to Yield | Product | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frangipani | 1–2 years | Flowers & nursery plants | Short-term revenue; recurring income every flowering season |
| Agarwood | 5–10 years | Resin / wood | Long-term, high-value income; resin quality influenced by inoculation method |
9. Economic & Sustainability Benefits
- Short-Term Revenue: Frangipani flowers and plant sales
- Medium/Long-Term Revenue: Agarwood resin, potential value-added products
- Ecological: Soil improvement, shade regulation, biodiversity
- Carbon Credits: Trees act as carbon sinks; opportunity for ESG-aligned investment
10. Recommendations
- Maintain proper spacing and row orientation for sunlight and air circulation.
- Monitor Agarwood resin formation closely; only harvest after quality assessment.
- Rotate Frangipani varieties to ensure continuous flower production.
- Consider integrating nitrogen-fixing cover crops to improve soil fertility.
- Develop direct market channels for flowers and ornamental plants to maximize short-term returns.
If you want, I can produce a fully illustrated technical guide for this Frangipani–Agarwood Agroforestry System, including:
- Layered planting diagrams
- Propagation schedules
- Growth and yield timelines
- Revenue projection tables
Do you want me to create that illustrated guide?